This kind of happened with the original Constitutional Convention in 1787. They didn't actually have a mandate to make a new Constitution. They were supposed to revise the old Articles of Confederation. Instead, they started over from scratch, and then made up a new mechanism for ratification that routed around the old federal and state governments. It was a pretty slick move.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_%28United_States%29?wprov=sfla1